He kūlanakauhale mokupuni i piha i ke kālā a me ke kālā ʻaʻohe koho e piʻi i luna. a i luna. a i luna. E noʻonoʻo i ka Manhattan skyline i ka neʻe mālie, e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 1890-i ka wā i piʻi ai ka New York Peace Tower ma luna o ka 284-foot spre o Trinity Church-a hoʻopau ʻia i kēia lā: he ʻano holomua o ka lani, kēlā me kēia duel haʻaheo e uhi ana i ka hope.
Malia paha ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia moʻolelo e ka hoʻokūkū paʻakikī—e like me ke kaua ikaika no ke poʻo inoa o ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua ma waena o ka Hale Chrysler a me ka Hale Manaʻo ʻo Manhattan Bank Trust (40 Wall Street), a Chrysler i lanakila ai ma ka palena kamahaʻo. . mar Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka mōʻaukala hoʻolālā o ke kūlanakauhale i nā mechanics pāʻani. Ke hana nei nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Manhattan no ka mea hiki ʻole ke ulu a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho mālie. ʻO ka poʻe kamaʻāina hiki ke hana pēlā e hoʻoikaika lākou e piʻi i ka puʻu.
Ke noho nei mākou i kahi au o ka piʻi ʻana. He 21 hale ma ke kulanakauhale me ke kiekie o ka hale ma luna o 800 kapuai, ehiku o ia mau hale i kukuluia i na makahiki he 15 i hala iho nei (a he ekolu o ia mau mea i kukuluia i na mahina he 36 i hala iho nei). Ma kēia hana kūikawā o New York, ʻimi mākou i kahi pae moku kiʻekiʻe e kū ana ma luna o 21 megastructures. ʻO kona ʻāpana he 34 miliona mau kapuaʻi square a loaʻa nā wahi noho nani, kahi wahi hana nani (i ka wā a ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana), nā hangout kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka ʻike o kēia kiʻekiʻe hou mai nā ʻike mua i hāpai ʻia nā pua i 400, 500, a i ʻole 600 kapuaʻi. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 800 mau mika a ʻoi aʻe, aia kekahi mea ʻokoʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale me nā ala ala pilau a me nā alanui lehulehu e kali nei, neʻe mālie a holo wikiwiki - kahi ʻano o ka alpine retreat. Ua ʻike kēlā me kēia New Yorker i ka mea ʻoluʻolu e ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā lehulehu inoa ʻole ma nā alanui. He mea ʻē aʻe: ʻo ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka noho kaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ka hiki ʻana i kahi manaʻo i kūpono ʻole i ka maka o ke kanaka.
He ʻumi makahiki mai kēia manawa aku, he mea ʻokoʻa paha nā manaʻo i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao aʻe. Akā i kēia lā ke hāʻawi nei lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona kakaikahi o nā kaiāulu hou o ke kūlanakauhale i ka lewa. Jack Silverstein ♦
ʻO Alicia Mattson, ka mea e hana ana ma luna o ka World Trade Center 1, hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻike ma luna o 800 kapuaʻi me ka "noho i loko o kahi pōlele hau nui. Ua mālie nā mea a pau. Ferry ma ka muliwai Son. "Ke nānā nei ʻoe i nā mea e like me ka holo moku," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia. "ʻAʻole ʻoe i manaʻo me he mea lā aia ʻoe i ke kūlanakauhale." Ma kēia kiʻekiʻe, nalowale ka walaʻau o ke ola kūlanakauhale me nā kikoʻī kokoke. Ua pohihihi ke kuanauna. Me he mea lā e kolo ana nā kaʻa a me nā mea hele wāwae ma ke alanui.
"E mihi maoli anei ʻoe inā pau kekahi o nā kiko i ka neʻe mau?" i nīnau ai iā Harry Lime ma ka huila Ferris ma The Third Man.
Aia nō ke keʻena ʻo Jimmy Park ma ka papahele 85, a i kona manawa kaʻawale makemake ʻo ia e piʻi i nā mauna, ʻo ia hoʻi, "Nānā ʻoe i ka mea ʻaʻole i laila a manaʻo ʻoe he lōʻihi kāu e hele ai." hele mai kahi āu e pono ai inā makemake ʻoe i ka palekana. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana mai kahi mamao he mea lapaʻau nō hoʻi. Hiki ia ma ka mokulele, ma ke kuahiwi, ma kahakai. E hui ana au me kahi mea kūʻai hou aku a e nānā mākou i waho o ka puka makani a hauʻoli i kēia hāmau ʻoluʻolu.
"He like ia," i hoʻomau ai ʻo ia, "i ka "view effect" i manaʻo ʻia e nā astronauts a ua hoʻopau i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni holoʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻoe i kou liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ka honua."
Ua hoʻolaha ke Kauoha Kahiko, pono e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā awāwa a pau a e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā puʻu a pau, e like me nā manaʻo kahiko o ka like a me ke kaulike. Ma ke kenekulia 18, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka weliweli, ka makaʻu, a me ka hauʻoli i mālama ʻia no ke Akua i mau ʻano ʻano honua e like me nā mauna a me ka ʻike o ka lanakila ʻana i nā piko. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kant he "nui loa." I ke kenekulia 19, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou a me nā kūlanakauhale, ua kūʻē ke kūlohelohe i ka mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ka hanohano ma ka piʻi ʻana i luna o nā hale kiʻekiʻe.
Ma kēia ʻuhane, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Richard Morris Hunt i ka New York Tribune Building, i hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1875, me kahi hale kiaʻi bele 260-kapuai i hoʻohālikelike i ka spre o Trinity Church ma ke ʻano he hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kūlanakauhale. He hapahā haneli ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Daniel Burnham's 285-foot Flatiron Building i kahi kūpono hou no ka lōʻihi a me ka lahilahi, e hoʻokūkū koke ana i ka hale kiaʻi MetLife 700-kapuai ma ke alo o Madison Square Park. e pili ana i ka Woolworth Building Cass Gilbert, 1913, 792 ft.
Ma lalo o 20 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa i ka lani o New York kona kūlana Platonic ma Chrysler a me ka Empire State Building. He 204 mau kapuaʻi ka mast mooring o ka Empire State Building, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai like me ka spre o Trinity College. E like me kā EB White i kākau ai, ʻo nā lani o ke kūlanakauhale "i ka ʻāina i nā kiʻi o ka hale pule keʻokeʻo i ka ʻāina - nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia o ka manaʻo a me ka hilinaʻi, nā hulu keʻokeʻo e kuhikuhi ana i ke ala i luna."
Ua lilo ka lani puʻu o New York i hōʻailona o ke kūlanakauhale, he kiʻi kāleka o ka makahiki ʻAmelika a he kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻamau, ʻo kona silhouette e hōʻike ana i ka mea e hana nei ma lalo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo o White i ke ola ʻana o ke alanui, ke ala e hui ai nā hale kiaʻi i ke alanui a me ka pā. Ua kūkulu nā kūlanakauhale nui i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i nā hale kiʻekiʻe ma mua o New York City akā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi piha iā Manhattan, ma kahi ʻāpana no ka mea ʻo nā lani ke kua o ke kūlanakauhale, inā ʻaʻole huki ʻia mai nā kaiāulu maoli.
ʻO ka hapalua haneli i hala aku nei, ma Manhattan, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūlana e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kaiāulu, ʻaʻole ke kiʻekiʻe wale nō: ʻo kahi penthouse 20th-floor ma Park Avenue ke hōʻailona nei i ka piko o ka pyramid social. I kēlā manawa, ʻo nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me 800 kapuaʻi ka hapa nui o nā hale kalepa, ʻaʻole nā hale noho. Hoʻolaha nā Skyscrapers i nā hui. Me kēlā kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhi ʻia nā kumukūʻai kūkulu kiʻekiʻe e nā hale noho wale.
Ua loli wale kēia i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala a i ʻole, ke kūʻai ʻia nā hale i nā hale nani e like me 15 Central Park West i $3,000 a ʻoi aku paha i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi square. ʻAʻole koke, ʻo kahi papahana ʻo 57th Street kiʻekiʻe a lahilahi loa me kahi papa papahele i lawa no kahi keʻena a ʻelua paha a e koi ana i nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi loa e lawe i ka lewa ma mua o kahi hale kūʻai aku i pilikia no nā mea hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi. waiwai. Ua komo nā mea kākau kaulana. E like me Carol Willis, ka luna hoʻokumu o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Skyscraper ma Lower Manhattan, makemake e ʻōlelo, ʻo ke ʻano ma hope o ke kālā.
Ua hoʻololi koke ʻo Height i ke kaiāulu ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona kūlana, no ka mea, ua kuhikuhi nā lula zoning i nā skyscrapers i nā wahi hoʻohana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kūlanakauhale e like me 57th Street, kahi i hāʻawi aku i nā manawa hana kālā no Central Park, ʻo kekahi hapa no ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma Asia Hema. ʻO nā mea hana keleawe a me nā oligarchs Lūkini he mea liʻiliʻi ka manaʻo e noho i ko lākou mau hale. ʻAʻole pono lākou i nā hoalauna. Makemake lākou i nā manaʻo. Hoʻolaha nā mea hoʻomohala i nā hale ma ke ʻano he ʻāina ʻāina de facto, kahi hiki ʻole ke hālāwai me kekahi kanaka ʻaʻole he limahana o ka hale, a ʻo kā lākou hale ʻaina ponoʻī he poʻe noho wale nō, no laila ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i waho. puka maoli mai.
Nui nā poʻe o Nu Ioka, ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau i hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe ikaika a ikaika o kēia mau skyscrapers, manaʻo lākou iā lākou iho e hana ana i nā aka lōʻihi a haggard i hoʻolei ʻia e nā hale kiaʻi hou. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo i nā hale kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻAʻole makemake paha kekahi i ko lākou nui, akā ʻo kekahi mau keʻena ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi noho ʻole kokoke i Midtown a i ʻole Wall Street ʻaʻole ke kumu o ka gentrification a me ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi liʻiliʻi o ka xenophobia i ka hanana anti-top. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā Kina waiwai, India a me ʻArabia, e like me ko lākou poʻe Iudaio ma mua, makemake lākou e nānā i lalo i nā papa hui Upper East Side i ka wā e kū ana i kahi kaʻina hōʻoia hiki ʻole.
ʻOiai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo 57th Street i kēia manawa ʻo Billionaire Street a ua piʻi ka waiwai i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā holomua i ka ʻenehana skyscraper he nui ka hana me kēia. ʻO William F. Baker, ka mea nāna i kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka Burj Khalifa o Dubai, ka hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua ma 2,717 kapuaʻi, i wehewehe koke nei i ka ʻenekinia ma hope o ke ola ma luna o 800 kapuaʻi. ʻO nā mea ʻenekinia, ka poʻe i noʻonoʻo lōʻihi i ka mālama ʻana i nā skyscrapers mai ka hāʻule ʻana, ke hoʻonui nei i ka nānā ʻana i kahi pilikia paʻakikī: e hōʻoluʻolu i ka poʻe i loko, wahi āna. He hana paʻakikī kēia no ka mea, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā hale kiʻekiʻe a lahilahi loa e piʻo ma mua o ka haki ʻana e like me nā ʻēheu mokulele. Ke hopohopo nei ka poʻe maʻamau i nā hana ma nā hale kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ko lākou palekana. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu iki ʻana i loko o ke kaʻa a i ʻole ke kaʻaahi hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i 100 mau papahele, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hale ma mua o ke kaʻa.
Ke hana ʻia nei nā hana kupaianaha e hoʻēmi i kēia mau hopena. Hoʻolako ʻia nā hale kiaʻi ʻoi loa o kēia lā me nā counterweights maʻalahi, nā dampers a me nā mea hoʻoneʻe ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka poʻe i ka lewa, akā ʻaʻole wikiwiki loa e manaʻo ai ʻoe i kahi g-force hoʻopilikia. ʻO ka wikiwiki ma kahi o 30 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia kekona e like me ka wikiwiki maikaʻi loa, e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hale kiaʻi nani i ka palena - ʻaʻole no ka hiki ʻole iā mākou ke hoʻolālā i nā hale i hoʻokahi mile ke kiʻekiʻe, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole e ʻae nā mea hoʻolimalima waiwai i ka mea e pono ai. minuke. i ka hale E holo ai na eleeka Inbound i na keena kahi e uku ia ai na lilo makahiki o ka Repubalika o Palau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā koi ʻenekinia kūikawā no kahi hapa nui o ke kumukūʻai o nā condominium ultra-kiʻekiʻe e like me 432 Park Avenue, i kēia manawa ka hale condominium kiʻekiʻe loa ma Midtown Manhattan a ʻo kekahi o nā kumukūʻai loa. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o waho he mesh o ke kaila a me ke aniani, e like me ka Sol LeWitt i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i ʻole ka ipu nui a Josef Hoffmann (a i ʻole ka manamana lima i hāpai ʻia, ma muli o kou manaʻo). ʻO nā pani pani lua nunui kokoke i ka hale, ka nui o ka mīkini locomotive - a ke kaena ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe ʻelua o ke kūlanakauhale - hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuʻi, hāʻawi i ka ballast a pale i nā chandeliers mai ke kani ʻana a me nā aniani champagne e hoʻohiolo.
Inā ʻo ka Petronas Towers a me ka Empire State Building ka palena ʻākau-hema o Manhattan, ʻo nā pou o ka lani o ke kūlanakauhale, nā wahi panana i kēia manawa ua komo pū me 1 World Trade, 432 Park, a me One57 kekahi mau poloka i ke komohana. ʻO ka mea hope, me kona mau ʻāwīwī ʻino a me nā puka aniani, e alakaʻi ana mai waena o Manhattan a i Las Vegas a i Shanghai paha. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mile mai kahi mamao aku, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kahi hale papa papa nui i kapa ʻia ʻo Hudson Yards e lilo i mini-Singapore o West End.
Akā paʻakikī ka ʻono e legitimize. I ka paʻa ʻana o ka Hale Chrysler, ua hoʻokipa ʻia me ka weliweli e ka poʻe hoʻohewa a laila hoʻohanohano ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi no nā skyscrapers, ʻoiai nā aniani a me nā hale kiaʻi kila i hoʻololi hou i ka lani ma hope o ke kaua a hoʻāla hou i ka huhū. Ke nānā nei mākou i hope, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he nani a nani hoʻi nā hiʻohiʻona o ka makahiki 1950 e like me Gordon Bunshaft's Lever House ma SOM a me Mies van der Rohe's Seagram hale e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi lākou i nā makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā miliona o nā ʻano hoʻohālike mediocre e hoʻopuehu ana iā Manhattan a hūnā i ke akamai o ka mea mua. ʻO ia ke au o ka hele ʻana keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻāpana o ke kaona, i ka wā i wehewehe ai ʻo Roland Barthes iā New York ma ke ʻano he metropolis kūpaʻa, "ka poʻe i hele ʻole mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana," a me nā hale kiaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika, he mau hui hoʻomāinoino pinepine ʻole ʻia. Ua haʻalele ʻia nā wahi ʻilihune, he nui ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka skyscraper maikaʻi loa o ke kūlanakauhale ma 375 Pearl Street, i kapa ʻia ʻo Verizon Tower, he monster puka makani ʻole e kū mau ana ma luna o ke alahaka ʻo Brooklyn. Ua kūkulu ʻia e Minoru Yamasaki i ka makahiki 1976, ma hope pono o ka Twin Towers, a aloha a inaina paha ka poʻe o New York iā lākou - a hiki i ka nui o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻokoʻa iā lākou, ʻaʻole wale no ka mea i hana ʻia. 11 Kepakemapa. I ka wanaʻao a me ka pō, ʻo nā kihi o nā hale kiaʻi i kālai ʻia i ka lā, e lana ai nā lipine ʻalani a me ke kala i ka lewa. I kēia manawa ua piʻi aʻe ka 1 World Trade mai ka lehu. Hoʻi hou ʻia nā skyscrapers kahiko kahiko. ʻO ka ʻono, e like me ka lani o New York, he hana pau ʻole.
ʻO nā hale hou, makemake au i ka 432, i hoʻolālā ʻia e Rafael Viñoly, a me ka jumble i aʻo ʻia o 56 Leonard, i ke kaona (Herzog & de Meuron nā mea kākau). ʻO nā hale hou, makemake au i ka 432, i hoʻolālā ʻia e Rafael Viñoly, a me ka jumble i aʻo ʻia o 56 Leonard, i ke kaona (Herzog & de Meuron nā mea kākau). Из новых зданий мне нравится 432, спроектированных Рафаэлем Виньоли, и тщательно продуманная мешанина изагод 56 хитекторы Herzog & de Meuron). No nā hale hou, makemake au iā Rafael Vignoli's 432 a me Leonard's elaborate hodgepodge o 56 ma ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale (architects Herzog & de Meuron). Из новостроек мне нравятся 432, спроектированные Рафаэлем Виньоли, и 56 Леонардов в центре города (а Herzogron & de Meрто). ʻO nā hale hou, makemake wau i ka 432, i hoʻolālā ʻia e Rafael Vignoli, a me 56 Leonards ma ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale (ka mea kākau ʻo Herzog & de Meuron).Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻonani i ka lani. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e ala aʻe, e like me 53 West 53rd Jean Nouvel, ma kahi kokoke i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Modern Art, a me 111 57th Street, i hoʻolālā ʻia e SHoP Architects, hoʻohiki e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā unahi i nā manaʻo kahiko. He mau pahu mākaukau nā hale kiaʻi i pani i kēia mau hale no nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Ke hopohopo nei kekahi poʻe he nui nā hale aliʻi o ke kūlanakauhale. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka ultra-tall phenomenon he pāʻani o nā noho kālā. ʻO nā lula federal hou e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā hui pūpū a me ka hoʻopaʻa kālā i kēia manawa e koi i nā mea kūʻai kālā o nā hale nani e hōʻike i nā inoa maoli o kā lākou mau mea nona. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka hapalua o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā waiwai maoli ma Manhattan e uku ʻia i ke kālā, a ʻo ka hapakolu o nā loaʻa ʻana o nā hale hou i ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale he mau mea kūʻai haole. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila a me ka loli ʻana o nā kumukūʻai yuan, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o nā lula hou. I kēia manawa, hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke condominium 800+ wāwae. Hoʻopaneʻe paha kekahi mau hale hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka papa kiʻi.
ʻAʻole koi hou nā luna ʻoihana i nā hale ʻoihana hou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no nā millennials makemake i nā hale i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, ke ola alanui a me nā wahi hana. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Architect Bjarke Ingels i kekahi mau hale kiaʻi ma New York me nā ʻanuʻu lele nui e lawe i ka leʻaleʻa o ke alanui i ka lewa.
"ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā puka makani papahele a hiki i ke kaupaku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻoe," wahi a Ingels. “Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka wahi ākea he mea hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka waiwai o kahi hale, akā manaʻo wau ke loli nei. Ke hoʻomaka nei au e lohe i ka poʻe ma ka ʻoihana hoʻolimalima e ʻōlelo ana he pono nā wahi ākea. Aia kēia ma nā hale noho a me nā waiwai kūʻai. " “No laila. Manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 800-kapuaʻi e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana me ka honua o waho ma mua o ka holo ʻana mai ia mea.
Malia paha. Nui ka makani a me ke anu o Nu Ioka. No nā makahiki, ua hoʻolimalima koʻu ʻanakē i kahi lumi lumi papa haʻahaʻa ma ka papahele 16 o kahi hale ma Greenwich Village, me kahi patio e nānā pono ana iā Washington Square Park a me Manhattan haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka hapa nui o nā manaʻo. nā hale kiʻekiʻe, nā kaupaku ʻeleʻele a me nā puka ahi. Hiki ke wehe ʻia ke kāwele ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ke keʻokeʻo i hoʻolalelale ʻia e ka lā e hana i ka malu ma ka pā. Mai ke alanui mai nā leo a me nā pū kaʻa. Piʻi ka wai ua ma ka papahele terracotta. I ka pūnāwai, pā mai ka makani mai ka muliwai. I koʻu noho ʻana ma New York, manaʻo wau e like me ka mea hauʻoli loa ma New York, ma luna a ma ka puʻuwai o ke kūlanakauhale.
He ʻokoʻa ka wahi momona o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ke kū nei au ma Window 1 World Trade ma 1000 kapuaʻi me Jimmy Park. Ua mahalo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Brooklyn a me Queens. Aia ma lalo pono o mākou ka hale o 7 World Trade, ka hale kiaʻi aniani 743 kapuaʻi e pili ana i ka hale kiaʻi i haku ʻia e David Childs, ma lalo pono o mākou. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo wale i ka mechanics. ʻO ke kanaka e kū ana ma laila ʻo ia ka manaʻo o Harry Lime.
Ua nīnau au iā Parker pehea kona lōʻihi i manaʻo ai. Holoi ʻo ia i kona lae. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo pono. ♦
ʻO Michael Kimmelman kahi mea hoʻokalakupua no ka New York Times. ʻO kāna paʻi hope loa ma ka makasina e pili ana i nā loko huna a me nā māla o Manhattan.
He mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo Matthew Pillsbury. E hōʻike ʻia kāna hana ma ka Ben Ruby Gallery ma New York ma 2017.
I ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ʻo Freedom Tower, ʻo ia ka skyscraper kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka Hemisphere Komohana a loaʻa iā ia nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe wikiwiki loa. E holo ana ka elevator kiʻekiʻe ma 22 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola a piʻi mai ka honua a hiki i ka papahele 100 ma lalo o 60 kekona.
He ʻumikumamākolu mau makahiki ma hope o 9/11, ʻo nā haneli o nā limahana Port Authority ka poʻe kaʻa mua i hoʻi i ka hana ma ke kahua.
ʻO ka skyscraper mua i kūkulu ʻia "core first" ma ke kaona ʻo New York, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ke poʻo kaʻa o ka hale, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, nā alapiʻi, nā ʻōnaehana mechanical a me nā paipu, ma mua o ke kiʻi kila o waho. hui kalepa o ke kulanakauhale Boycott of metallurgists.
"He nui nā hale i nele i ke ʻano," wahi a Robert AM Stern, ka mea kākau o ka condominium hou kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kaona o New York. “ʻAʻole ʻoe makemake e hele i kahi lā lua me lākou. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i nā manaʻo aloha no kā mākou hale."
ʻO ka hale a me ka Chrysler Building ke ʻōlelo nei ʻo ia ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, a ke kūkulu ʻia nei lāua ʻelua. I ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ʻo 40 Wall Street, ua noho ʻo ia ma lalo o hoʻokahi mahina a hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o kahi spire i ka Hale Chrysler. ʻAʻole i emi iho i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua pio lākou e ka Empire State Building.
Ua haʻalele ka hui ʻinikua ʻo American International Group i ka hale Art Deco i ka makahiki 2009 a ke hoʻololi nei i kēia manawa i $600 miliona hōkele a me kahi hale hoʻolimalima.
I ka pau ʻana, ʻo ka hale i ʻike mua ʻia ʻo 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza ʻo ia ka hale keʻena kalepa nui loa o ke kūlanakauhale no ka hapahā o ke kenekulia, ʻo ia ka hale waihona kālā hoʻokahi hale nui loa i kūkulu ʻia, a ʻo ka mea mua ma New York City i hoʻohana i ka "1 Chase" hale kūkulu hale. , , Plaza” ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo ʻoihana.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Jenga Tower ma hope o ka hoʻolālā ʻana e nā mea kākau kiʻi lanakila ʻo Pritzker Prize ʻo Jacques Herzog lāua ʻo Pierre de Meuron, ʻo nā papahele cantilevered o ka hale e hoʻonui i nā ʻaoʻao a pau mai kona axis waena.
I ka wā e ʻaina awakea ana ʻo Frank Gehry me ka mea hoʻomohala waiwai ʻo Bruce Ratner, nīnau ʻo Ratner iā ia, "He aha kāu makemake e kūkulu ai ma New York?" Ua kahakaha ʻo Gehry i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ma luna o kahi kāwele.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka spire o ka hale Art Deco ma ke ʻano he mooring mast a ʻo kona hale he hale kūʻai zeppelin, e hoʻohana ka poʻe kaʻa i ka pā waho ma ka papahele 103 a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kuʻuna ma ka papahele 102nd. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana a puni ka hale i hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻolālā pae ʻana o ka mokulele.
ʻO ka mua o nā hale kiaʻi hou he 16 i hoʻolālā ʻia no Hudson Yards ma ke kumukūʻai o $25 biliona. Loaʻa i ka hale kona hui pū ʻana o ka wela a me ka mana a ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka pono o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka microgrid me kekahi mau mea kanu mana kokoke.
Ua hōʻole ʻo Walter Chrysler e uku i ka mea kākau kiʻi ʻo William Van Alen ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o kāna hale kūʻai kālā i hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Van Alen a loaʻa i kāna kālā, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou i nā komisina hoʻolālā nui.
I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻo MetLife i kāna lumi ʻaha kūkā o ka makahiki 1893, me ke kaupaku lau gula maoli, ka papahele lāʻau paʻa, ke kapuahi, a me nā noho, i ka papahele 57 o ka hale.
ʻO ia ka hale kūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mua e hoʻokō i ka palapala LEED Platinum, ʻo ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kaiapuni i hiki i kahi hale ke hoʻokō. Noho nā nalo ma kekahi o nā hale e iho ana.
I ka manawa i noi ʻia ai a ʻae ʻia i ka makahiki 1999, ua kapa ʻia e kāna mea hoʻomohala ʻo Donald Trump ʻo ia ka hale noho kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, akā ua kū i ke kūʻē ikaika. Ua kūʻai mua ʻo Yankee Derek Jeter i ka hale penthouse ma 2001 (kūʻai ʻia ʻo ia ma 2012).
ʻO nā "pou" ʻeiwa o ka hale Citigroup e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i ka hale pule ma kekahi o nā kihi o ka pūnaewele. Aia ka hale ma kahi kihi 45-degere a ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā panela solar, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū pono ka hale i ka lā.
ʻO ka hale i kapa ʻia ʻo Rockefeller Center ma mua, he 14 mau hale a hoʻohana i nā ʻumi kaukani o nā limahana i ka wā o ka Great Depression, me 11 mau limahana kila i kiʻi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma ka papahele 30 o ka Pōhaku (ke Kulanui ʻo Comcast i kēia manawa) kiʻi o ka ʻaina awakea ma ka lāʻau. . ʻO ko lākou mau wāwae e lele ana he 850 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka honua.
ʻO ka hale kūʻai ʻāpana, hale noho ʻāpana ma ke kahua o ka hale kūʻai ʻo Alexander's Department Store kahi pā hale i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā paia o New York City e like me Grand Central Station a me ka Hale Heluhelu Nui o ka Hale Waihona Puke Nui o New York.
ʻO ka hale noho kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua i kēia manawa, ua hoʻoulu ʻia e nā pahu ʻōpala a ua hoʻolālā ʻia a puni ka mea a kāna mea kākau ʻo Rafael Vignoli i wehewehe ʻo "ke ʻano maʻemaʻe o ka geometry: ka square."
Ma muli o ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana, ua pau ka hale i 11 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka palena i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻae hou ʻana; akā, ua uku ka mea hoʻomohala i $2.1 miliona, ʻo kahi hapa o ia mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono hou i kahi wahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa hula ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-16-2022